{"id":13,"date":"2022-10-03T16:40:50","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T16:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/?page_id=13"},"modified":"2022-10-04T07:27:19","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T07:27:19","slug":"primavera","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/primavera\/","title":{"rendered":"primavera"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il confronto tra lingue antiche e moderne permette di ricostruire i nomi indoeuropei delle quattro stagioni: *<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">w\u00f3sr\u0325-<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/ <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wesr\u0325<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u2018primavera\u2019 (cf. latino <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u0113r<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), *<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sem<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u2018estate\u2019 (cf. inglese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">summer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), *<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">es-en-<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018autunno\u2019 (cf. polacco <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jesie\u0144<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), *\u01f5<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eiom<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u2018inverno\u2019 (cf. latino <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hiems<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019antico nome della primavera \u00e8 ancora rintracciabile in molte lingue, ma poche hanno mantenuto il semplice monosillabo, come l\u2019islandese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> o lo svedese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u00e5r<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mentre la maggior parte ha aggiunto dei prefissi per indicare che questa \u00e8 la prima stagione dell\u2019anno.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cos\u00ec, in latino il nome maschile <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ver<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> viene sostituito dall\u2019espressione <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primo vere <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018all\u2019inizio della primavera\u2019 (gi\u00e0 attestata in Catone), che poi diventa <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prima<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vera<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> per analogia con il femminile <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aestas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018estate\u2019. Troviamo <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primavera<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in spagnolo e portoghese, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prim\u0103var\u0103<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in romeno, ma <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">printemps<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (dal latino <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primum<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tempus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) in francese.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La stessa nozione torna nel tedesco <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fr\u00fchling<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fr\u00fchjahr<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, che contengono l\u2019aggettivo e avverbio <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fr\u00fch<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018mattutino, di buon\u2019ora, presto\u2019. Altre lingue germaniche presentano composti simili, come il danese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for\u00e5r<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, con il prefisso <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for- <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018davanti\u2019<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e5r<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018anno\u2019 (cf. inglese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">year<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tedesco <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jahr<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Formazioni analoghe sono diffuse anche nelle lingue slave, come bulgaro \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prolet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> che, oltre al prefisso <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pro<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; \u2018davanti\u2019 contiene la parola \u2018estate, stagione calda\u2019. Nelle lingue baltiche, invece, \u00e8 l\u2019antico nome della primavera che indica l\u2019estate, quindi il lituano <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pavasaris<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, composto da <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pa- <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vasara<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, significa letteralmente \u2018inizio dell\u2019estate\u2019. Anche in una lingua non indoeuropea come il basco, i nomi <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">udaberri<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">udahaste<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contengono quello dell\u2019estate, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uda<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, unito a &#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">berri <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018nuovo\u2019 e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">haste <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018inizio\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo sloveno <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pomlad<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> deriva probabilmente da <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*p\u020d mlad\u011b (l\u011bt\u011b)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018nell\u2019anno giovane\u2019, in cui si riconosce <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ml\u0203d <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018giovane\u2019, connesso etimologicamente al latino <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mollis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018morbido\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La primavera pu\u00f2 inoltre essere denominata a partire dai fenomeni naturali che accompagnano il suo arrivo: il neogreco \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e0noixi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> continua il greco antico \u1f04\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b9\u03c2 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e0noixis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018apertura\u2019, per indicare il periodo in cui il cielo si apre dopo l\u2019inverno e i fiori si schiudono. Analogamente, dal verbo inglese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spring<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018scaturire, balzare\u2019 proviene il sostantivo che significava \u2018nascita, origine\u2019 e che, nella locuzione <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spring of the year<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, passa a indicare la stagione in cui inizia il nuovo anno e la natura rinasce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un altro esempio di questa tendenza \u00e8 il neerlandese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lente <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(cf. inglese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lent <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018quaresima\u2019), probabilmente connesso al composto protogermanico *<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">langatinaz<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018dai lunghi giorni\u2019: la primavera \u00e8 infatti il momento in cui le giornate iniziano ad allungarsi. Infine, l\u2019antica parola ugrofinnica per \u2018primavera\u2019 si mantiene nell\u2019ungherese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tavasz<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mentre nel finlandese <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">touko<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> indica la \u2018semina\u2019 e, unita a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kuu <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018luna, mese\u2019, forma il nome del mese di maggio, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">toukokuu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Primavere antiche<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"map.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64,"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lilec.it\/lingue-in-mostra\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}